[pdf] Donovan, B. M., Syed, A., Arnold, S. H., Lee, D., Weindling, M., Stuhlsatz, M. A. M., Riegle-Crumb, C., & Cimpian, A. (2024). Sex and gender essentialism in textbooks. Science, 383(6685), 822–825.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
[pdf] Muradoglu, M., Lassetter, B., Sewell, M. N., Ontai, L., Napolitano, C. M., Dweck, C., Trzesniewski, K., & Cimpian, A. (in press). The structure and motivational significance of early beliefs about ability. Developmental Psychology.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
[pdf] Block, K., Gonzalez, A. M., Hall, C. E., Cimpian, A., Schmader, T., & Baron, A. S. (in press). Who cares about caring? Gender stereotypes about communal values emerge early and predict boys’ prosocial preferences. Developmental Psychology.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
[pdf] Arnold, S. H., McAuliffe, K., & Cimpian, A. (in press). Unraveling the gender gap in negotiation: How children’s perceptions of negotiation and of themselves relate to their bargaining outcomes. Developmental Psychology.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax, Preregistrations (Study 1, Study 2, Study 3)
[pdf] Muradoglu, M., Porter, T., Trzesniewski, K., & Cimpian, A. (2024). A growth mindset scale for young children (GM-C): Development and validation among children from the United States and South Africa. PLOS ONE, 19(10), e0311205.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax, GM-C scale (pdf), GM-C scale (qsf)
[pdf] Porter, T., Leary, M. R., & Cimpian, A. (in press). Teachers’ intellectual humility benefits adolescents’ interest and learning. Developmental Psychology.
[pdf] Stanaland, A., Gaither, S., Gassman-Pines, A., Galvez-Cepeda, D., & Cimpian, A. (2024). Adolescent boys’ aggressive responses to perceived threats to their gender typicality. Developmental Science, 27, e13544.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
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Media/Blogs: Futurity, Outrage, The Conversation
[pdf] MacDonald, C., Oh, D., Barger, M. M., Cimpian, A., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2024). Does inducing growth-oriented mindsets about math ability in parents enhance children’s math mindsets, affect, and achievement? Developmental Psychology, 60(12), 2396–2408.
[pdf] Verniers, C., Aelenei, C., Breda, T., Cimpian, J. R., Girerd, L., Molina, E., Sovet, L., & Cimpian, A. (2024). The double-edged sword of role models: A systematic narrative review of the unintended effects of role model interventions on support for the status quo. Review of Research in Education, 48, 89–120.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Preregistration
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Media/Blogs: SPSP blog
[pdf] Bailey, A. H., Dembroff, R., Wodak, D., Ikizer, E. G., & Cimpian, A. (2024). People’s beliefs about pronouns reflect both the language they speak and their ideologies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 153(5), 1388–1406.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data, Analytic Syntax, and Preregistrations
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Media/Blogs: SPSP blog
[pdf] Bailey, A. H., Williams, A., Poddar, A., & Cimpian, A. (in press). Intersectional male-centric and White-centric biases in collective concepts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
[pdf] Goudeau, S., Stephens, N. M., Markus, H. R., Darnon, C., Croizet, J.-C., & Cimpian, A. (in press). What causes social class disparities in education? The role of the mismatches between academic contexts and working-class socialization contexts and how the effects of these mismatches are explained. Psychological Review.
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Media/Blogs: SPSP blog
[pdf] Renoux, M., Goudeau, S., Alexopoulos, T., Bouquet, C. A., & Cimpian, A. (2024). The inherence bias in preschoolers’ explanations for achievement differences: Replication and extension. npj Science of Learning, 9, 10.
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Notes: Part of the special issue on Understanding and Addressing Inequality in Education, edited by E. Brummelman, N. van Atteveldt, S. Wolf, & J. Sierksma.
[pdf] Muradoglu, M., Arnold, S. H., Poddar, A., Stanaland, A., Yilmaz, D., & Cimpian, A. (2024). Why a culture of brilliance is bad for physics. Nature Reviews Physics, 6, 75–77.
[pdf] Vial, A. C., & Cimpian, A. (2024). Gender differences in children’s reasoning about and motivation to pursue leadership roles. Sex Roles, 90, 42–65.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
[pdf] Arnold, S. H., Bailey, A. H., Ma, W. J., Shahade, J., & Cimpian, A. (2024). Checking gender bias: Parents and mentors perceive less chess potential in girls. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 153(1), 1–14.
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Notes: Featured as an Editor's Choice by the American Psychological Association.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax, Preregistration
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Media/Blogs: Forbes, American Psychological Association, The Academic Minute, Chess.com, ChessBase, Futurity
[pdf] Gladstone, J. R., Tallberg, M., Jaxon, J., & Cimpian, A. (2024). What makes a role model motivating for young girls? The effects of the role model’s growth versus fixed mindsets about ability and interest. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 238, 105775.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
[pdf] Jenifer, J. B., Jaxon, J., Levine, S. C., & Cimpian, A. (2024). “You need to be super smart to do well in math!” Young children’s field-specific ability beliefs. Developmental Science, 27, e13429.
[pdf] Goudeau, S., Sanrey, C., Autin, F., Stephens, N. M., Markus, H. R., Croizet, J.-C., & Cimpian, A. (2023). Unequal opportunities from the start: Socioeconomic disparities in classroom participation in preschool. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 152(11), 3135–3152.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax (Study 1, Study 2)
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Media/Blogs: Nature Reviews Psychology, Futurity, Libération, Is My Kid the Asshole? Newsletter
[pdf] Muradoglu, M., Arnold, S. H., Leslie, S. J., & Cimpian, A. (2023). “What does it take to succeed here?” The belief that success requires brilliance is an obstacle to diversity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 32(5), 379–386.
[pdf] Hannak, A., Joseph, K., Larremore, D. B., & Cimpian, A. (2023). Field-specific ability beliefs as an explanation for gender differences in academics’ career trajectories: Evidence from public profiles on ORCID.org. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 125(4), 681–698.
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Notes: Featured as an Editor's Choice by the American Psychological Association. The four authors contributed equally. Author order is random.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, ORCID Processing Pipeline and Analytic Syntax
[pdf] Carroll, J. M., Yeager, D. S., Buontempo, J., Hecht, C., Cimpian, A., Mhatre, P., Muller, C., & Crosnoe, R. (2023). Mindset × context: Schools, classrooms, and the unequal translation of expectations into math achievement. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 88(2), 7–109.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials
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Media/Blogs: Monograph Matters
[pdf] Porter, T., & Cimpian, A. (2023). A context’s emphasis on intellectual ability discourages expression of intellectual humility. Motivation Science, 9(2), 120–130.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax, Preregistration (Study 2, Study 3)
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Media/Blogs: Character Lab's Tip of the Week
[pdf] Heyder, A., Steinmayr, R., & Cimpian, A. (2023). Reflecting on their mission increases preservice teachers’ growth mindsets. Learning and Instruction, 86, 101770.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
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Media/Blogs: SPSP blog, Blog on Learning and Development (BOLD)
[pdf] Barger, M. M., Wu, J., Xiong, Y., Oh, D. D., Cimpian, A., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2022). Parents’ responses to children’s math performance in early elementary school: Links with parents’ math beliefs and children’s math adjustment. Child Development, 93, e639–e655.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials
[pdf] Zhao, S., Setoh, P., Storage, D., & Cimpian, A. (2022). The acquisition of the gender-brilliance stereotype: Age trajectory, relation to parents’ stereotypes, and intersections with race/ethnicity. Child Development, 93, e581–e597.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
[pdf] Porter, T., Catalán Molina, D., Cimpian, A., Roberts, S., Frederiks, A., Blackwell, L. S., & Trzesniewski, K. (2022). Growth mindset intervention delivered by teachers boosts achievement in early adolescence. Psychological Science, 33(7), 1086–1096.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Preregistration, Raw Data, and Analytic Syntax, Corrigendum
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Media/Blogs: UC Davis News
[pdf] Muradoglu, M., Horne, Z., Hammond, M. D., Leslie, S. J., & Cimpian, A. (2022). Women—particularly underrepresented minority women—and early-career academics feel like impostors in fields that value brilliance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(5), 1086–1100.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Analytic Syntax and Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: Inside Higher Ed, Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, Behavioral Scientist, SPSP blog, Psychology Today, Fortune, Science, The British Psychological Society Research Digest, Chemistry World
[pdf] Vial, A. C., Muradoglu, M., Newman, G., & Cimpian, A. (2022). An emphasis on brilliance fosters masculinity-contest cultures. Psychological Science, 33(4), 595–612.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Preregistrations, Raw Data, and Analytic Syntax
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Media/Blogs: The Conversation, APS Observer
[pdf] Yeager, D. S., Carroll, J. M., Buontempo, J., Cimpian, A., Woody, S., Crosnoe, R., Muller, C., Murray, J., Mhatre, P., Kersting, N., Hulleman, C., Kudym, M., Murphy, M., Duckworth, A., Walton, G. M., & Dweck, C. S. (2022). Teacher mindsets help explain where a growth mindset intervention does and doesn’t work. Psychological Science, 33(1), 18–32.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Preregistration, Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: APS Observer, Psychology Today
[pdf] Gladstone, J. R., & Cimpian, A. (2021). Which role models are effective for which students? A systematic review and four recommendations for maximizing the effectiveness of role models in STEM. International Journal of STEM Education, 8, 59.
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Notes: The most accessed recently published paper in the International Journal of STEM Education (July and August 2022).
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Infographics
[pdf] Heck, I. A., Santhanagopalan, R., Cimpian, A., & Kinzler, K. D. (2021). Understanding the developmental roots of gender gaps in politics. Psychological Inquiry, 32(2), 53–71. [target article]
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Commentaries: Caleo & Halim; Diekman, Joshi, White, & Vuletich; Dolan & Lawless; Eagly; Geary; Joel; Lombard, Azpeitia, & Cheryan; Martin & Fabes; Reifen-Tagar & Saguy; Steele, Lee, & Baron
[pdf] Heck, I. A., Santhanagopalan, R., Cimpian, A., & Kinzler, K. D. (2021). An integrative developmental framework for studying gender inequities in politics. Psychological Inquiry, 32(2), 137–152. [response to commentaries]
[pdf] Goudeau, S., & Cimpian, A. (2021). How do young children explain differences in the classroom? Implications for achievement, motivation, and educational equity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(3), 533–552.
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Media/Blogs: Blog on Learning and Development (BOLD), SPSP blog
[pdf] Hammond, M. D., & Cimpian, A. (2021). “Wonderful but weak”: Children’s ambivalent attitudes toward women. Sex Roles, 84, 76–90.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Analytic Syntax and Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: The Times (London), Daily Mail, Newshub, Yahoo! News, Futurity, ScienceDaily
[pdf] Storage, D., Charlesworth, T. E. S., Banaji, M. R., & Cimpian, A. (2020). Adults and children implicitly associate brilliance with men more than women. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 90, 104020.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Analytic Syntax and Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: Fast Company, Forbes, Business Insider, Verywell Mind, Yahoo! News, Futurity
[pdf] Muradoglu, M., & Cimpian, A. (2020). Children’s intuitive theories of academic performance. Child Development, 91(4), e902–e918.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Analytic Syntax and Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: It's Innate! Podcast
[pdf] Vial, A. C., & Cimpian, A. (2020). Evaluative feedback expresses and reinforces cultural stereotypes. In E. Brummelman (Ed.), Psychological Perspectives on Praise (pp. 119–128). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
[pdf] Foster-Hanson, E., Cimpian, A., Leshin, R. A., & Rhodes, M. (2020). Asking children to “be helpers” can backfire after setbacks. Child Development, 91(1), 236–248.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Analytic Syntax and Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: The Independent, Education Week, ScienceDaily
[pdf] Heyder, A., Weidinger, A. F., Cimpian, A., & Steinmayr, R. (2020). Teachers’ belief that math requires innate ability predicts lower intrinsic motivation among low-achieving students. Learning and Instruction, 65, 101220.
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Resources: Analytic Syntax
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Media/Blogs: Blog on Learning and Development (BOLD)
[pdf] *Jaxon, J., *Lei, R. F., Shachnai, R., Chestnut, E. K., & Cimpian, A. (2019). The acquisition of gender stereotypes about intellectual ability: Intersections with race. Journal of Social Issues, 75(4), 1192–2015.
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Notes: The authors marked with an asterisk contributed equally to the work.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Analytic Syntax and Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: Los Angeles Times, Futurity, New York University
[pdf] Bian, L., Leslie, S. J., & Cimpian, A. (2018). Evidence of bias against girls and women in contexts that emphasize intellectual ability. American Psychologist, 73(9), 1139–1153.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Analytic Syntax and Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: The Guardian, The Times (London), NYU Alumni Magazine, Pacific Standard, New York Post, Futurity
[pdf] Boston, J. S., & Cimpian, A. (2018). How do we encourage gifted girls to pursue and succeed in science and engineering? Gifted Child Today, 41(4), 196–207.
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Media/Blogs: The Conversation
[pdf] Chestnut, E. K., Lei, R. F., Leslie, S. J., & Cimpian, A. (2018). The myth that only brilliant people are good at math and its implications for diversity. Education Sciences, 8(2), 65.
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Notes: Invited contribution to the special issue on Dispelling Myths about Mathematics, edited by J. Boaler.
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Media/Blogs: Blog on Learning and Development (BOLD)
[pdf] Bian, L., Leslie, S. J., Murphy, M. C., & Cimpian, A. (2018). Messages about brilliance undermine women’s interest in educational and professional opportunities. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 404–420.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: National Science Foundation, Pacific Standard, Nature, International Business Times, Inverse, Futurity
[pdf] Cimpian, A., Hammond, M. D., Mazza, G., & Corry, G. (2017). Young children’s self-concepts include representations of abstract traits and the global self. Child Development, 88(6), 1786–1798.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: Futurity, ScienceDaily
[pdf] Cimpian, A., & Leslie, S. J. (2017). The brilliance trap: How a misplaced emphasis on genius subtly discourages women and African-Americans from certain academic fields. Scientific American, 317, 60–65.
[pdf] Hammond, M. D., & Cimpian, A. (2017). Investigating the cognitive structure of stereotypes: Generic beliefs about groups predict social judgments better than statistical beliefs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(5), 607–614.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data and Analytic Syntax
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Media/Blogs: Journal Club (blog of the National Academy of Sciences), Imperfect Cognitions blog
[pdf] Bian, L., Leslie, S. J., & Cimpian, A. (2017). Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability emerge early and influence children's interests. Science, 355(6323), 389–391.
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Notes: Ranked 5th in Altmetric's Top 100 most-discussed papers of 2017 (out of 2.2 million research outputs tracked).
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, Raw Data
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Media/Blogs: The New York Times, Scientific American, The Atlantic, NPR, Sunday Night with Megyn Kelly, The Washington Post (N. Anderson), The Washington Post (R. Gebelhoff), Los Angeles Times, The Associated Press, National Science Foundation, Smithsonian, The Guardian, BBC News, The Philadelphia Inquirer, CNN, Quartz, Huffington Post, Mashable, The Onion
[pdf] Cimpian, A. (2017). Early reasoning about competence is not irrationally optimistic, nor does it stem from inadequate cognitive representations. In A. J. Elliot, C. S. Dweck, & D. S. Yeager (Eds.), Handbook of Competence and Motivation (2nd Edition): Theory and Application (pp. 387–407). New York: Guilford Press.
[pdf] Bian, L., & Cimpian, A. (2017). Are stereotypes accurate? A perspective from the cognitive science of concepts. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, e3. [commentary]
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Resources: BBS target article
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Media/Blogs: SPSP blog (among the 5 most popular SPSP blogs of 2016), Andrew Gelman's blog
[pdf] Qu, Y., Pomerantz, E. M., Wang, M., Cheung, C., & Cimpian, A. (2016). Conceptions of adolescence: Implications for differences in engagement in school over early adolescence in the United States and China. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(7), 1512–1526.
[pdf] Storage, D., Horne, Z., Cimpian, A., & Leslie, S. J. (2016). The frequency of “brilliant” and “genius” in teaching evaluations predicts the representation of women and African Americans across fields. PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0150194.
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Notes: Top 1% most downloaded of all PLOS ONE articles published in 2016.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials
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Media/Blogs: Inside Higher Ed, U.S. News & World Report, The Daily Beast, Huffington Post, Illinois News Bureau
[pdf] Cimpian, A., & Leslie, S. J. (2015). Response to comment on “Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines.” Science, 349(6246), 391.
[pdf] Meyer, M., Cimpian, A., & Leslie, S. J. (2015). Women are underrepresented in fields where success is believed to require brilliance. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 235.
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Notes: Invited contribution to the special issue on the Underrepresentation of Women in Science: International and Cross-Disciplinary Evidence and Debate, edited by S. J. Ceci, W. M. Williams, and S. Kahn.
[pdf] *Leslie, S. J., *Cimpian, A., Meyer, M., & Freeland, E. (2015). Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines. Science, 347(6219), 262–265.
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Notes: The authors marked with an asterisk contributed equally to the work.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials, FAQ
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Media/Blogs: Edge, Science, Science Friday (NPR), The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, National Science Foundation, The Chronicle of Higher Education, Science News, Illinois News Bureau, NBC, Smithsonian
[pdf] Cimpian, A. (2013). Generic statements, causal attributions, and children’s naive theories. In M. R. Banaji & S. A. Gelman (Eds.), Navigating the Social World: What infants, children, and other species can teach us (pp. 269–274). New York: Oxford University Press.
[pdf] Cimpian, A., Mu, Y., & Erickson, L. C. (2012). Who is good at this game? Linking an activity to a social category undermines children’s achievement. Psychological Science, 23(5), 533–541.
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Media/Blogs: The Huffington Post, ScienceDaily, Mindset Scholars Network
[pdf] Cimpian, A., & Erickson, L. C. (2012). The effect of generic statements on children’s causal attributions: Questions of mechanism. Developmental Psychology, 48(1), 159–170.
[pdf] Cimpian, A., & Markman, E. M. (2011). The generic/nongeneric distinction influences how children interpret new information about social others. Child Development, 82(2), 471–492.
[pdf] Cimpian, A. (2010). The impact of generic language about ability on children’s achievement motivation. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1333–1340.
[pdf] Cimpian, A., Arce, H. C., Markman, E. M., & Dweck, C. S. (2007). Subtle linguistic cues affect children’s motivation. Psychological Science, 18(4), 314–316.
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Resources: Supplementary Materials (Script)